This original and provocative book is concerned with fundamental questions in moral, political, and legal philosophy. It challenges both supporters and sceptics alike to rethink their ideas about human rights. The author explains that human life is not the same everywhere, noting that there are different traditions of culture and civilization. He argues that an adequate idea of human rights must take such a diversity seriously, and unlike the UN Declaration, it must not presuppose Western institutions and values. This theory of human rights developed by Milne deals systematically with the philosophical issues it raises. He shows that human rights can only be a minimum standard, not a panacea for the troubles of humanity. And that this significance, although modest, should not be underrated.