The best resource for interpreting these widely used personality assessment tests. Essentials of MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Interpretation presents innovative interpretive strategies for both the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, or MMPI-2, and the adaptation for adolescents, the MMPI-A. James N. Butcher and Carolyn L. Williams detail the rationale for the revision and development of the instruments and their scales and describe how to administer, score, profile, code, and interpret the tests. This revised edition includes the most recent MMPI research, including new information on ethnic background and cultural setting as they relate to assessment. Focusing primarily on studies of profile validity and external correlates, the revision also includes interpretive guidelines for several scales newly introduced into the MMPI tests. A new workbook includes exercises related to Essentials of MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Interpretation in areas such as important test constructs, the interpretation of profile validity, and clinical and content scales.